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| BIOGRAPHY:
W. MICHAEL KING |
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| W.
Michael King, after a period of design and production
in the professional audio recording industry,
entered the field that is now known as EMC in
1960 (at that time the concept was defined simply
as a segment within the discipline of systems
integration and spectrum management) when still
in education with the Capitol Radio Engineering
Institute (CREI – accredited EE program).
He has been participating in the field of Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) engineering for over fifty
years. Within that period, he has been: engaged
in the EMC definition, design, evaluation, implementation,
management and execution of well over (an estimated)
one thousand programs and projects; engaged in
contracts with over 1,000 project and systems
developers with over 400 clients. During his tenure
in the engineering and management disciplines
he has held positions that, as a partial though
significant list, include (in sequence): Lab EMC
supervisor; Lab manager; Systems Engineer; Director,
Systems Engineering; Project Manager for ELINT;
Senior Technical Specialist (Airesearch); Chief
Electronics Engineer (Teledyne Radar Relay Division);
Manager of EMI/EMC Operations; Technical Program
Monitor for NAVSEC/SYSCOM; EMC Integration Advisor
to NAVWEPS/NWC; Advisor/Integration USAF/MOL Orthogonal
Array; Plant Operations General Manager; EMC Program
Manager; Policy Advisor to Senior Corporate Staffs
(Government and Commercial Projects); and General
Program/Hardware manager for many projects. |
| During
his initial period of engagement in programs allocated
broadly to government communications, surveillance,
counterops, and military projects (both AD or
Deployment phases), he was involved in the development
and evaluation of more than four hundred programs.
Though a thorough list cannot be delineated, these
programs include the: Radar System for the XB-70
Experimental SSB; Evaluation and Design of RFI
Controls for the Electro-Hydraulic Control Launch
System/Atlas ICBM; Evaluation/Design of EMI Power
Suppression -Distribution/Hardening, Launch Control
Centers/Silo Arrays, Minuteman ICBM Program; Minuteman
ICBM LCC/Silo EMC Prototype Evaluation-Verification/Vandenberg
AFB; EOS Laser IR Illumination/Starlight Night
Vision AD Project; EMC Integration of Laser-Directed
Ranging and Weapons EOS Projects (LAD, LAW and
Eagle); Performance/Threat Evaluation C-SAM/ECM
Systems B-52 Fleet; Metrology Environment for
Nuclear Rocket Propulsion (RIFT Program); Integration/YO-3/NVAP
(IR Laser) Airborne Experimental Surveillance
System; SPS-48 Radar Lab Implementation; Design/Evaluation,
UASF Project Bulldog (Laser Guided Bombs); NAVSEC
SHORTSTOP Radar Antenna Array; USAF MOL/Program;
Suppression/Control USAF SLC-6 Gantry System -Vandenberg
AFB; Deep Space Ion Engine/NASA (EOS-JPL); EMC
Control USAF/GAU-7 Airborne Cannons; Avionics
Sub-Contracts for S3A MAD Aircraft; USAF FLAWS
(Warning Systems) AH56; IHAS (Helicopter Avionics
Systems); S/A Sub-systems, Tomahawk Project; SONAR
Record/monitor, NAVSHIPS/Trident; IFF/SIF Program
Transponders; NEMP Evaluation and Hardening of
Event Detector Systems (including EOS and Beta-Photon
Detector Arrays); EMC of Multiple Flight Control
and various ECM Systems in many delivery platforms;
DCA Projects and DOD, Multiple Shielding Methodology
and Coupling Studies; NASA/Apollo Modules; ELINT
Programs/CounterOps; Special Projects, USAGS (Fort
Belvoir). Suffice it to note that these projects
spanned sensitive applications and technologies
across the frequency range from sub-hertz to tens
of gigahertz, with system power amplitudes ranging
from minus 140 dbm to energy in megajoules. |
| He
was engaged in "The Colloquium" at "The
Hexagon", a by-invitation only DOD assembly
called by Tri-Service systems heads to advise
DOD on policies for the following decade, and
accepted appointments (by-invitation only) to
DOD Advisory Groups on Mil-STD policies and technical
approaches. His efforts in commercial systems
EMC were initiated with general radiated field
susceptibility studies as well as ESD analysis
and response studies circa 1969 (which led to
his adaptation of common-mode (inductive "Bal-Un")
implementation to commercial techniques as lumped
simulations of long transmission line losses to
mitigate common-mode responses), and in collaborative
efforts with the German VDE measurement group
that began circa 1972. About that same time, based
upon his studies to limit circulating common-mode
currents in ferro-magnetic hulls, he devised a
method of utilizing inductors for impedance elevation
in ground paths for which he was awarded a patent.
By 1974 he had authored some of the first commercial
EMC systems performance recommendations for susceptibility/immunity
evaluations that were prepared and implemented
for specific (major) corporations. It may be noted
that the requirements of those documents resemble
the immunity requirements issued in the European
regulatory standards over a decade later. |
| Mr.
King was responsible for the laboratory studies
that resulted in the first nationally-distributed
report that identified the responses (and response
mechanisms) of Cardiac Pacemakers to Radiated
Electromagnetic Fields, (released through affiliation
with SAE/AE-4) officially coordinated and sanctioned
by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bureau
of Radiological Health (FDA/BRH). These results
were presented by Mr. King to conventions of the
American Heart Association and the Association
for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation,
under the sanction of the FDA/BRH. The resulting
standards and methodologies (evolved in the early
1970's from this work) assure the immunity of
cardiac pacemakers to influences when exposed
to intense Electromagnetic fields at the present
time. In addition, Mr. King has been intensely
involved in solving EMC (emission and susceptibility-immunity
response) issues in critical applications of electronic
medical devices, at all levels of design and implementation.
He has presented performance reports directly
to the staff of the FDA. |
| When
at the symposium known as POWERCON—I, a
study commission of power supply designers had
concluded (in a verbal report to the plenary body)
that "it was not possible" for switching
power supplies to comply (using primary power
line filtering) simultaneously with the conducted
EMI emission regulations of the German VDE and
the restrictions for safety ground reactive leakage
current, the chair invited Mr. King to make a
spontaneous presentation. Based upon design experience
gained during development of high impulse current
(primarily LASER) or "secure" systems,
and verified in a collaborative project with a
major power supply manufacturer (circa 1971-73)
in the development of >3kW switching power
supplies, Mr. King penned the schematic of a fourteen
element integration - differential and common-mode
filter concept. The filter concept, disclosed
for the first time to the plenary body, provided
a transmission loss of 70 dB and a leakage current
of less than 2 milliamperes (250 VAC). The design
technique quickly became ubiquitous in the power
supply industry. |
| Since
1976, Mr. King has served as an independent EMC
Advisor, and currently has an internationally
based clientele of (primarily) commercial corporations.
Many of the lumped model concepts describing emission
and susceptibility in commercial systems were
first presented in these forms by Mr. King in
the WESCON 1980 program. Mr. King was active in
participating in the rule making process of the
Federal Communications Commission that adopted
EMI Emission Rules for "Computing Devices"
(FCC Rules Part 15-J, Docket 20780) and is extensively
quoted by FCC staff in the Final Reconsideration
Report and Order (1981). Mr. King is now generally
recognized for his work in Systems EMC Emission
and Susceptibility Control for commercial systems,
occasionally serving as a project manager or integrator
when requested. Through his tenure, he has developed
and related many concepts of EMC design applications
to systems. Upon invitation, he has collaborated
on the formations of many networks and standard
practices (often anonymously), including the study
group for 10/100BASEt. Terms such as the "3W"
and "10W" (trace-width imaging) rules,
"ground stitches/nulls" (as descriptions
for discontinuities in distributive transmission
line to implement EMC in systems transfer mechanisms),
RF monopole structures models (circuit-device
to heat-sink with mitigating techniques), the
"V-plane undercut" technique to minimize
reflections and resonance (and field fringing)
of un-terminated planes in the Z-axis, the implementation
(and terms) of "moats with bridges",
"picket fences" and "three-dimensional
methods" for circuit board partitioning,
are all terms initiated by Mr. King. |
| Mr.
King's original research and test methodology
development in the area of Personnel Electrostatic
Discharge has been widely utilized by industry,
and his efforts form the basis of many standards
documents and standard practices. In 1979, he
published one of the first research studies that
described the dynamic waveform continuum inherent
in the personnel ESD event. That study, extended
to an advanced effort between 1981 and 1982, altered
the state of the art of understanding the dynamic
ESD mechanism. (These more recent efforts were
co-published with Mr. David Reynolds of Digital
Equipment Corp.) Among the mechanisms initially
described through these efforts were: the first
report exhibiting ESD field displacements in sub-nanosecond
rise times, (signifying ESD spectra into the multi-GHz
range); the dynamic alteration of wave-shapes
as the ESD initialization amplitudes are varied,
(yielding the "amplitude-spectrum bandwidth
inter-dependency effect" and the related
systems-amplitude response dependency implication
- reported in 1985 IEEE Regional Conference on
EMC and the EOS/ESD Symposium -1987); the first
explanatory model representation of the ESD network
as a sequentially cascaded transmission line;
the first explanatory model of the boundary charge
migration within the human body as implied by
the data; the first suggestions of the boundary
field displacement as a surface charge dislocation;
the first reported waveforms of displacements
of humans both with metallic objects intervening
in the discharge path and human tissue directly
as the path, and the first reported wave-forms
suggesting the impulse spectra from the ESD of
furnishings. (Based on this background, he contributed
extensively to the development of ANSI ESD Document,
C63.16-1993.) Mr. King's development of ESD test
methodologies, initiated in 1974, were adapted
by individual corporations. These became widely
disseminated throughout the electronics industry,
which by 1979/80 were used as internal standards
by well over five hundred corporations. Many ESD
methods described in current corporate and international
standards can be traced this origination. |
| Dr. King has authored a major work on the subject of
EMC, entitled, “EMCT: Electromagnetic Compatibility
Tutorial”, released2 by
the IEEE Standards Information Network, and Elliott
Laboratories. This work is presented only in the
format of a CD-ROM. It consists 1,600 screens
of instruction on the subject of EMC design, and
may be descriptively reviewed through the link,
http://www.emctutorial.com/. |
| Dr. King's full profile and Curriculum Vitae may be seen at www.wmichaelking.com |
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